There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.Which country is the largest coffee producer?
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1 .War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that ______.
A it threatens the existing social systems B it is influenced by society C it has roots in religious conflicts D it is directed against institutions of law
2 .The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is ______.
A to control violence within a society B to protect the world from chaos C to free society from the idea of revenge D to give the government absolute power
3 .In 1841，a book was published which astonished the world. It was called “Incidents of Travel in Central America，Chiapas and Yucatan”. The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long，difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood，an architect and artist，to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas(玛雅). Very little was known about the Mayas at that time，but Catherwood’s drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples，pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors，the Aztecs. These cities，however，were deserted. The inhabitants(居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before.Stephen’s book astonished the world because ______.
A it was the first time people heard about Mayas. B the Mayas were excellent builders and farmers. C he had experienced so many difficulties to find this lost civilization. D it described that the Mayas used to be an advanced civilization.
4 .The system has several advantages. Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which tends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth. Instead, they can stay inside, watching by remote control. If there is no problem, they stay away from the sheep. But when they are needed they can quickly go out to help, or to scare away foxes. The experiment is popular 'with shepherds because it means that they do not have to spend all their time outdoors waiting for the lambs to arrive in freezing weather.From the passage, we learn that walking among the sheep ______.
A is more popular with shepherds than watching TV inside B can help the mother sheep to give birth to more lambs C is the best way to protect the sheep D usually disturbs the mother sheep that will give birth
5 .The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.According to the author, technology is important because ______.
A resources on land are running short in ten years B man can use it to explore the deeper sea C it is a lot of fun diving into the sea D ancient people used it to explore the sea
7 .For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of London's biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?
A Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work. B More jobs will be created by the union. C More people will be employed than necessary. D The unions will try to increase productivity.
8 .Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. When ever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharp hours.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _______.
A help to keep your energy for the day’s work B help you to control your temper early in the day C enable you to concentrate on your routine work D keep your energy cycle under control all day
9 .And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel，they never used it. Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned(抛弃) many of the cities and built new ones in the jungle. Some time around AD900，Mayan civilization collapsed. By the year 1200，their last great capital，Chichen Itza，was deserted.One of the most surprising findings about Mayas was that ______.
A they developed accurate system measuring time. B they knew how to build pyramids with stones. C they deserted their cities and moved to new ones. D they built cities which they never lived in.
10 .Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area．A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old．All the followings are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT_________．
A he was a soldier in World War I B he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father C he was born about a thousand years ago D he came from Italy
